| Cover | 1 |
| Letter from Peter Desloge | 2 |
| Overview of Watlow SELECT Page 1 | 3 |
| Overview of Watlow SELECT Page 2 | 4 |
| Table of Contents | 5 |
| Heater Selection Matrix | 7 |
| Cartridge/Insertion Heaters | 11 |
| Tubular Heaters | 59 |
| Flexible Heaters | 111 |
| Immersion Heaters | 145 |
| Circulation Heaters | 299 |
| Fluid Delivery Heaters | 369 |
| Air Heaters | 377 |
| High-Temperature Heaters | 411 |
| Specialty Heaters | 445 |
| Strip/Clamp-On Heaters | 464 |
| Band/Barrel Heaters | 480 |
| Nozzle Heaters | 494 |
| Radiant Heaters | 498 |
| Thermostats and Accessories | 508 |
| Reference Data | 520 |
| Agency Certifications, Recognition and Approvals | 556 |
| Index | 562 |
| Terms and Conditions of Sale | 567 |
| Heater Selection Matrix | 7 |
| Heating Solids | 7 |
| Heating Liquids/Surface Heating and Immersion | 8 |
| Heating Gases | 9 |
| Heating Within a Vacuum | 10 |
| Cartridge/Insertion Heaters | 11 |
| FIREROD® Cartridge Heaters | 13 |
| Performance Capabilities | 13 |
| Features and Benefits | 13 |
| Typical Applications | 13 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 14 |
| Tolerances | 14 |
| Dimensional Data | 15 |
| Camber | 15 |
| Electrical Data | 16 |
| Maximum Allowable Watt Density | 17 |
| Correction Factors | 17 |
| Heating Metals | 17 |
| Watt Density vs. Ambient Air Temperature | 18 |
| Sheath Temperature in Ambient Air | 18 |
| Watt Density in Moving Air | 18 |
| Lead and Diameter Information | 19 |
| Standard Lead Specifications | 19 |
| Additional Lead Specifications | 19 |
| Lead Adapter (LA) Options | 20 |
| Patented La Modification Method | 20 |
| Modifying Basic FIRERODs Using the LA Process for Swaged-in Leads | 21 |
| Termination Options | 21 |
| LA Swaged-in Flexible Leads | 21 |
| No-Heat Extensions | 21 |
| LA Straight Stainless Steel Braid | 22 |
| LA Silicone Rubber Seal and Leads | 22 |
| LA Straight Stainless Steel Hose | 22 |
| LA PTFE Seal and Leads | 22 |
| LA Straight Stainless Steel Hose with PTFE Leads and Seal | 22 |
| LA Straight Stainless Steel Braid with PTFE Leads and Seal | 22 |
| LA Right Angle Options | 23 |
| LA Right Angle Leads | 23 |
| LA Right Angle Stainless Steel Hose with PTFE Leads and Seal | 23 |
| LA Right Angle Stainless Steel Hose | 23 |
| LA Right Angle Stainless Steel Braid | 24 |
| LA Right Angle Stainless Steel Braid with PTFE Leads and Seal | 24 |
| LA Mounting Options | 24 |
| LA Stainless Steel Threaded Fittings | 24 |
| Flanges | 25 |
| Locating Ring | 25 |
| LA Options | 26 |
| Lead Type Codes | 26 |
| No-Heat Length Adder Codes | 26 |
| Non-Lead Adapter (LA) Modification Coding | 27 |
| Mounting Option Codes | 27 |
| Pin Option Codes | 27 |
| Made-to-Order Straight Options | 28 |
| Swaged-in Flexible Leads | 28 |
| Straight Stainless Steel Hose | 28 |
| PTFE Seal and Leads | 28 |
| Straight Stainless Steel Braid | 28 |
| Made-to-Order Right Angle Options | 29 |
| Right Angle Leads | 29 |
| Right Angle Stainless Steel Braid | 29 |
| Right Angle Stainless Steel Hose | 29 |
| Made-to-Order Termination Options | 30 |
| Ground Lead | 30 |
| Ceramic Bead Insulation | 30 |
| Made-to-Order Options | 30 |
| Distributed Wattage | 30 |
| Thermocouple Types | 30 |
| Internal Thermocouples | 31 |
| Made-to-Order Mounting Options | 31 |
| Threaded Fittings | 31 |
| Flanges | 32 |
| Locating Rings | 32 |
| Extended Capabilities For Custom Cartridge Heaters | 33 |
| Termination Options | 35 |
| Low Electrical Leakage | 35 |
| Silicone Rubber Seal and Leads | 35 |
| Post Terminals | 35 |
| Epoxy Seal | 35 |
| Options | 35 |
| Individually Controlled Heat Zones | 35 |
| Passivation | 35 |
| Bent FIREROD | 36 |
| Centerless Grinding | 36 |
| Extended Capabilities For High-Temperature (HT) FIREROD Heaters | 37 |
| Performance Capabilities | 37 |
| Features and Benefits | 37 |
| Typical Applications | 37 |
| Options | 38 |
| Cartridge Heater Part Numbers | 39 |
| Metric FIREROD Cartridge Heaters | 49 |
| Performance Capabilities | 49 |
| Features and Benefits | 49 |
| Typical Applications | 49 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 50 |
| Electrical Data | 50 |
| Tolerances | 50 |
| Maximum Allowable Watt Density | 51 |
| Heating Metals | 51 |
| Watt Density vs. Ambient Air | 52 |
| Sheath Temperature in Ambient Air | 52 |
| Watt Density in Moving Air | 52 |
| Termination Options | 53 |
| Swaged-in Flexible Leads | 53 |
| Stainless Steel Braid | 53 |
| Right Angle Leads | 53 |
| Ceramic Bead Insulation | 53 |
| Stainless Steel Hose | 54 |
| Silicone Rubber Seal and Leads | 54 |
| PTFE Seal and Leads | 54 |
| No-Heat Section | 54 |
| Ground Lead | 55 |
| Options | 55 |
| Distributed Wattage | 55 |
| Internal Thermocouple Sensors | 55 |
| Mounting Options | 56 |
| Locating Ring | 56 |
| Flanges | 56 |
| Threaded Fittings | 56 |
| Extended Capabilities for Metric FIREROD Cartridge Heaters | 57 |
| Termination Options | 57 |
| Post Terminals | 57 |
| Epoxy Seal and Leads | 57 |
| Options | 57 |
| Individually Controlled Heat Zones | 57 |
| MULTICELL Heaters | 58 |
| For detailed Product Info. | 58 |
| Tubular Heaters | 59 |
| WATROD™ Single/Double-Ended Heaters | 61 |
| Features and Benefits | 61 |
| Specifications | 62 |
| Options | 64 |
| Moisture Resistant Seals | 64 |
| External Finishes | 64 |
| Zoned Heaters | 64 |
| End-Seal Options | 64 |
| Terminations | 65 |
| Bend Formations | 66 |
| Double-Ended WATROD Bend Formations | 66 |
| Single-Ended WATROD Bend Formations | 66 |
| Figures 1 and 2 | 66 |
| Figures 3 through 8 | 67 |
| Figures 9 through 14 | 68 |
| Figures 15 through 18 | 69 |
| Figures 19 through 24 | 70 |
| Figures 25 through 30 | 71 |
| Figures 31 through 32, 37 through 40 | 72 |
| Figures 41 through 46 | 73 |
| Figures 47 through 52 | 74 |
| Figures 53 through 56 | 75 |
| Mounting Methods | 76 |
| Brackets | 76 |
| Locator Washers | 76 |
| Single Leg Bracket | 76 |
| Threaded Bulkheads | 77 |
| Extended Capabilities for WATROD Single/Double-Ended Heaters | 78 |
| Options | 78 |
| Zoned Heaters | 78 |
| Features and Benefits | 78 |
| Bend Formations | 78 |
| Figures 33 through 36 | 78 |
| Double-Ended WATROD Part Numbers | 79 |
| Single-Ended WATROD Application Hints | 83 |
| High-Temperature Tubular Heaters | 84 |
| Features and Benefits | 84 |
| Typical Applications | 84 |
| Sheath Temperature Versus Oven Temperature at Various Watt Density | 85 |
| Heater Life Estimate Service | 85 |
| Extended Capabilities for MULTICOIL™ Tubular Heaters | 86 |
| Performance Capabilities | 86 |
| Features and Benefits | 86 |
| Typical Applications | 86 |
| Options | 87 |
| Specifications | 87 |
| FIREBAR® Single/Double-Ended Heaters | 88 |
| Double-Ended Performance Capabilities | 88 |
| Single-Ended Performance Capabilities | 88 |
| Specifications | 89 |
| One Inch Features and Benefits | 91 |
| 5/8 Inch Features and Benefits | 91 |
| Performance Features | 92 |
| Flat Surface Geometry | 92 |
| Normal to the Flow | 92 |
| Buoyancy Force | 92 |
| Flat vs. Round Geometry Comparisons | 92 |
| Technical Data | 93 |
| Heater Size and Power | 93 |
| Clamp-On Applications | 94 |
| Watt Density vs. Sheath Temperature | 94 |
| Air Heating | 95 |
| Moisture Resistant Seals | 95 |
| Application Hints | 95 |
| Terminations | 96 |
| Double-End/Single-End 1 in. FIREBAR | 96 |
| Single-End FIREBAR, Double-End/Single-End FINBAR Drawings | 96 |
| Bending | 97 |
| Major and Minor Axis Bending Parameters | 97 |
| Bend Formations | 98 |
| Mounting Brackets | 100 |
| Water-Tight Double-Leg Threaded Fitting | 100 |
| Surface Finish | 100 |
| Extended Capabilities for FIREBAR Single/Double-Ended Heaters | 101 |
| Single Leg Threaded Bulkhead | 101 |
| Options for One-Inch and 5/8-Inch FIREBAR | 101 |
| One-Inch, Double-Ended FIREBAR Part Numbers | 102 |
| 5/8-Inch Double-Ended FIREBAR Part Numbers | 104 |
| One-Inch, Single-Ended FIREBAR Part Numbers | 105 |
| 5/8-Inch Single-Ended FIREBAR Part Numbers | 106 |
| FINBAR™ Single-Ended Heaters | 107 |
| Performance Capabilities | 107 |
| Features and Benefits | 107 |
| Typical Applications | 107 |
| Construction Features | 107 |
| Air Heating | 108 |
| Dual Ended FINBAR | 108 |
| Application Hints | 108 |
| FINBAR Single-Ended Heater Part Numbers | 109 |
| Flexible Heaters | 111 |
| Flexible Shapes and Geometries | 113 |
| Features and Benefits | 113 |
| Typical Applications | 113 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 114 |
| Two Material Types | 114 |
| Silicone Rubber | 114 |
| Polyimide | 114 |
| Two Element Types | 114 |
| Wire-Wound Elements | 114 |
| Etched Foil Elements | 114 |
| Polyimide Heaters | 115 |
| Performance Capabilities | 115 |
| Features and Benefits | 115 |
| Typical Applications | 115 |
| Technical Data | 116 |
| Specifications | 116 |
| Maximum Allowable Watt Density Versus Temperature | 116 |
| Silicone Rubber Heaters | 117 |
| Performance Capabilities | 117 |
| Features and Benefits | 117 |
| Typical Applications | 117 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 118 |
| Determining Watt Density | 118 |
| Silicone Rubber Specifications | 118 |
| Surface Temperature vs. Time | 119 |
| UR, cUR, VDE and CE Recognition for Silicone Rubber Heaters | 119 |
| Options | 119 |
| Mounting Methods | 120 |
| Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Surface (PSAS) | 120 |
| Silicone Contact Cement Kit | 120 |
| Field Applied Adhesive | 120 |
| Mechanical Fasteners | 120 |
| Termination Styles | 121 |
| PTFE UL 1180 CSA | 121 |
| Silicone Insulated Leads | 121 |
| PTFE Leads | 121 |
| Option | 121 |
| Thermal Insulation | 121 |
| Extended Capabilities for Silicone Rubber Heaters | 122 |
| Mounting Methods | 122 |
| Factory Bonding | 122 |
| Integrated Control | 122 |
| Construction | 122 |
| Formed Heaters | 122 |
| Holes, Cutouts and Notches | 122 |
| Wire-Wound Elements | 123 |
| Wire-Wound Elements Configured Options | 125 |
| Gas Delivery and Exhaust Thermal Solutions | 126 |
| Line Heating | 127 |
| Silicone Gas Line Heaters | 127 |
| Specifications | 127 |
| Upstream Gas Line Heater Assembly | 127 |
| ASSURANT® SERIES TF Gas Line Heaters | 128 |
| Features and Benefits | 128 |
| Typical Applications | 128 |
| Specifications | 129 |
| STRETCH-TO-LENGTH Heaters | 130 |
| Features and Benefits | 130 |
| Typical Applications | 130 |
| Specifications | 130 |
| S-T-L Heater Ranges - 1/4 in. (6 mm) O.D. Tubing | 131 |
| S-T-L Heater Ranges - 1/2 in. (13 mm) O.D. Tubing | 131 |
| 1/4 in. (6 mm) O.D. Tubing Insulators | 131 |
| 1/2 in. (13 mm) O.D. Tubing Insulators | 131 |
| 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) O.D. Tubing Insulators | 131 |
| Power Extensions | 132 |
| Accessories | 132 |
| Silicone Pump Line Heaters | 133 |
| Agency Certification, Recognition Compliance and Approvals | 133 |
| General Specifications | 133 |
| Molded Silicone Rubber Line Heaters | 134 |
| Features and Benefits | 134 |
| Typical Applications | 134 |
| Specifications | 134 |
| ASSURANT SERIES TC Pump Line Heaters | 135 |
| Features and Benefits | 135 |
| Typical Applications | 135 |
| Specifications | 136 |
| Heater Construction | 136 |
| ASSURANT SERIES TA Pump Line Heaters | 137 |
| Features and Benefits | 137 |
| Typical Applications | 137 |
| Specifications | 138 |
| Heater Construction | 138 |
| SERIES EHG® | 139 |
| Features and Benefits | 139 |
| Typical Applications | 139 |
| Technical Information | 140 |
| Specifications | 140 |
| SERIES EHG Versus Thermostat (typical application) | 140 |
| Dimensions | 140 |
| Integrated SERIES EHG Versus Integrated Thermostat System | 140 |
| SERIES EHG SL10 | 141 |
| Features and Benefits | 141 |
| Typical Applications | 141 |
| Technical Information | 142 |
| Specifications | 142 |
| SERIES EHG Versus Thermostat (typical application) | 142 |
| Dimensions | 142 |
| Switching Device Comparison Chart | 142 |
| EHG SL10 Software | 143 |
| Mounting Bracket | 143 |
| Reduces System Complexity and Cost | 143 |
| Using an SL10 with Flexible Heaters (Non Stretch-To-Length (S-T-L)) | 144 |
| Using an SL10 with S-T-L Heaters | 144 |
| Using an SL10 with a Stock Heater (No T/C Built In) | 144 |
| Optional Upgrade Modules | 145 |
| Ordering Information | 145 |
| Compatible Accessories | 145 |
| Immersion Heaters | 145 |
| WATROD and FIREBAR® Screw Plug Immersion Heaters | 147 |
| Performance Capabilities | 147 |
| Features and Benefits | 147 |
| Typical Applications | 148 |
| Screw Plug Orientation | 148 |
| FIREBAR Heating Elements | 148 |
| WATROD Heating Elements | 148 |
| Options | 149 |
| Terminal Enclosures | 149 |
| CSA Certified Enclosures | 149 |
| Pilot Light | 149 |
| Thermostats | 149 |
| Thermocouples | 150 |
| External Finishing | 150 |
| Screw Plug Materials | 150 |
| Wattage and Voltages | 150 |
| Screw Plug Sizes | 151 |
| Screw Plug to Flange Adapters | 151 |
| Application Hints | 151 |
| Extended Capabilities for WATROD and FIREBAR Screw Plug Immersion Heaters | 152 |
| Pilot Light | 152 |
| Wattages and Voltages | 152 |
| Extended Sheath Materials | 152 |
| Screw Plug Materials | 152 |
| Optional Moisture Resistant Housings | 153 |
| With Single-Pole Thermostat | 153 |
| With Double-Pole Thermostat | 153 |
| Without Thermostat | 153 |
| Part Numbers | 154 |
| Application: Clean Water | 154 |
| Application: Deionized/Demineralized Water | 169 |
| Application: Process Water | 172 |
| Application: Forced Air and Caustic Solutions | 182 |
| Application: Lightweight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 189 |
| Application: Medium Weight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 203 |
| Application: Bunker C, Asphalt and #6 Fuel Oil | 213 |
| Ordering Information | 219 |
| WATROD Screw Plug with Control Assembly | 220 |
| Performance Capabilities | 220 |
| Features and Benefits | 220 |
| Typical Applications | 220 |
| Application Hints | 220 |
| Accessories | 220 |
| Part Numbers-Assembly Stock | 221 |
| Part Numbers - Replacement Heater Only | 221 |
| WATROD ANSI Flange Immersion Heaters | 222 |
| Performance Capabilities | 222 |
| Features and Benefits | 222 |
| Typical Applications | 223 |
| Options | 223 |
| WATCONNECT Standard Control Panels | 223 |
| Stand-off Terminal Enclosures | 223 |
| Terminal Enclosures | 224 |
| Certified Enclosures | 224 |
| ASME Pressure Vessel Code Welding | 224 |
| Wattages and Voltages | 224 |
| Sheath Materials | 224 |
| Thermostats | 224 |
| Thermocouples | 225 |
| Flanges | 225 |
| Gaskets | 225 |
| Baffles | 226 |
| External Finishing | 226 |
| ANSI Raised Face Blind Flange, 150# Class Dimensions | 226 |
| Application Hints | 226 |
| Extended Capabilities for WATROD ANSI Flange Immersion Heaters | 227 |
| Options | 227 |
| Enclosure Enhancements | 227 |
| RTDs | 227 |
| Wattages and Voltages | 227 |
| Sheath Materials | 227 |
| Flanges | 227 |
| Optional CSA Type 4/Explosion Proof Enclosure Without Thermostat | 228 |
| Optional CSA Type 4/Explosion Proof Enclosure With Thermostat | 228 |
| Optional General Purpose/or NEMA 4 Enclosure With Thermostat | 228 |
| Optional NEMA 4 Enclosure With Thermostat | 228 |
| Part Numbers | 229 |
| Application: Clean Water | 229 |
| Application: Deionized or Demineralized Water | 235 |
| Application: Process Water | 238 |
| Application: Forced Air and Caustic Soltions | 247 |
| Application: Lightweight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 257 |
| Application: Medium Weight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 267 |
| Application: Bunker C, Asphalt and #6 Fuel Oil | 275 |
| Ordering Information | 283 |
| WATROD Plate Flange Immersion Heaters | 284 |
| Performance Capabilities | 284 |
| Features and Benefits | 284 |
| Part Numbers | 285 |
| Application: Clean Water | 285 |
| Application: Process Water | 286 |
| Application: Forced Air and Caustic Solutions | 287 |
| Application: Lightweight Oils and Ethylene Glycol (100%) | 288 |
| Application: Medium Weight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 289 |
| WATROD and FIREBAR Square Flange Immersion Heaters | 290 |
| Performance Capabilities | 290 |
| Features and Benefits | 290 |
| Typical Applications | 290 |
| Flange Materials | 290 |
| Available on Request | 290 |
| Application Hints | 291 |
| 2-1/2 inch Square Flange-WATROD Element Part Numbers | 291 |
| 2-1/2 inch Square Flange-FIREBAR Element Part Numbers | 292 |
| 4-1/2 inch Square Flange-FIREBAR Element Part Numbers | 292 |
| Extended Capabilities for Bayonet/Pipe Insert Immersion Heaters | 293 |
| Performance Capabilities | 293 |
| Features and Benefits | 293 |
| Typical Applications | 293 |
| Options | 294 |
| Flanges | 294 |
| Bayonet Vessels | 294 |
| Application Hints | 294 |
| FIREROD Immersion Heaters | 295 |
| Performance Capabilities | 295 |
| Features and Benefits | 295 |
| Typical Applications | 295 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 296 |
| Sheath Material Compositions | 296 |
| Heater Part Numbers with Stainless Steel Fittings | 297 |
| Circulation Heaters | 299 |
| HYDROSAFE® | 301 |
| Standard Performance Capabilities | 301 |
| Features and Benefits | 301 |
| Heater Assembly Specifications | 302 |
| Specifications | 303 |
| Dimensional Drawings | 303 |
| Ordering Information | 305 |
| STARFLOW™ Heaters | 305 |
| Performance Capabilities | 305 |
| Features and Benefits | 305 |
| Typical Applications | 305 |
| Ordering Information | 306 |
| WATROD and FIREBAR® Circulation Heaters | 307 |
| Performance Capabilities | 307 |
| Features and Benefits | 307 |
| Typical Applications | 308 |
| Options | 308 |
| WATCONNECT Standard Control Panels | 308 |
| Terminal Enclosures | 309 |
| Stand-off Terminal Enclosures | 309 |
| ASME Pressure Vessel Code Welding | 309 |
| Branch Circuits | 309 |
| Certified Enclosures | 309 |
| Thermocouples | 309 |
| Thermostats | 309 |
| Baffles | 309 |
| Process Thermocouple in Nozzle | 309 |
| Sheath Materials | 310 |
| Wattages and Voltages | 310 |
| Pressure Vessels | 310 |
| Passivated Finish | 310 |
| Gaskets | 310 |
| Inlet and Outlet Nozzle Connections | 310 |
| Protective Steel Jacket (Shroud) | 310 |
| Technical Data | 311 |
| Maximum Velocities | 311 |
| Vessel Orientation Guidelines | 311 |
| Application Hints | 311 |
| Extended Capabilities for WATROD and FIREBAR Circulation Heaters | 312 |
| Performance Capabilities | 312 |
| Features and Benefits | 312 |
| Options | 312 |
| Exotic Sheath Materials | 312 |
| Pressure Vessels | 312 |
| High-Temperature Thermal Insulation | 312 |
| Support Saddles | 312 |
| Part Numbers | 313 |
| Application: Clean Water | 313 |
| Application: Deionized or Demineralized Water | 319 |
| Application: Process Water | 322 |
| Application: Forced Air and Caustic Solutions | 329 |
| Application: Lightweight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 338 |
| Application: Medium Weight Oils and Heat Transfer Oils | 348 |
| Application: Bunker C, Asphalt and #6 Fuel OIl | 354 |
| Ordering Information | 361 |
| WATROD and FIREBAR Heaters | 362 |
| Booster Heaters | 362 |
| Performance Capabilities | 362 |
| Features and Benefits | 362 |
| Typical Applications | 362 |
| Terminal Enclosure | 363 |
| Engine Preheaters | 364 |
| Performance Capabilities | 364 |
| Features and Benefits | 364 |
| Typical Applications | 364 |
| Options | 364 |
| Figure 1 | 365 |
| Figure 2 | 366 |
| Figure 3 | 366 |
| FLUENT® In-line Heaters | 367 |
| For detailed product info. | 367 |
| Fluid Delivery Heaters | 369 |
| Extended Capabilities for FREEFLEX® Heaters | 371 |
| Features and Benefits | 371 |
| Typical Applications | 371 |
| Technical Data | 372 |
| Water Temperature Rise/Length Versus Flow Rate Versus Watt Density | 372 |
| FREEFLEX Outside Diameter Temperature Versus Watts/Length | 372 |
| Typical Application Requirements | 373 |
| Extended Capabilities for Syringe Heaters | 374 |
| Features and Benefits | 374 |
| Specifications | 374 |
| FLUENT In-line Heaters | 375 |
| For detailed product info. | 375 |
| Air Heaters | 377 |
| Duct Heaters—LDH and D SERIES | 379 |
| Performance Capabilities | 379 |
| Features and Benefits | 379 |
| Typical Applications | 380 |
| Choosing a Duct Heater | 380 |
| Required Application Information | 380 |
| Watt Density vs. Air Temperature/Velocity | 381 |
| Watt Density vs. Sheath Temperature | 381 |
| Pressure Drop vs. Air Velocity | 382 |
| Options | 382 |
| WATCONNECT Standard Control Panels | 382 |
| Wattages/Voltages | 383 |
| Terminal Enclosures | 383 |
| Thermocouples | 383 |
| Application Hints | 383 |
| Extended Capabilities ForDuct Heaters | 384 |
| Performance Capabilities | 384 |
| Features and Benefits | 384 |
| Options | 384 |
| Sheath Material | 384 |
| Terminal Enclosures | 384 |
| LDH SERIES Part Numbers | 385 |
| Application: High Temperature Air | 385 |
| Medium Temperature Air | 386 |
| D SERIES Part Numbers | 387 |
| Application: High Temperature Air | 387 |
| Application: Medium Temperature Air | 389 |
| Replacement Elements | 391 |
| LDH and D SERIES Ordering Information | 392 |
| Duct Heaters—MDH SERIES | 393 |
| Features and Benefits | 393 |
| Typical Applications | 393 |
| Velocity vs. Process Temperature | 394 |
| Watt Density vs. Sheath Temperature | 394 |
| Part Numbers | 395 |
| Application: Air Heating | 395 |
| Individual Module Dimensions | 396 |
| Options | 396 |
| Finned Heaters | 397 |
| 375 Finned Strip Heaters | 397 |
| Performance Capabilities | 397 |
| Features and Benefits | 397 |
| Typical Applications | 397 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 398 |
| Calculating Watt Density | 398 |
| Formulas | 398 |
| Termination Options | 399 |
| Offset Terminals | 399 |
| One-on-One Terminals | 399 |
| Parallel Terminals | 399 |
| In-Line Terminals | 399 |
| Metallic Terminal Boxes - Variations | 400 |
| Accessories | 400 |
| Secondary Insulation Bushings | 400 |
| Ceramic Terminal Covers | 400 |
| Heater Part Numbers | 402 |
| FINBAR Single-Ended Heaters | 403 |
| For detailed product info. | 403 |
| FIREROD® Cartridge Heaters | 404 |
| For detailed product info. | 404 |
| Enclosure Heaters | 405 |
| WATROD Heaters | 405 |
| Performance Capabilities | 405 |
| Features and Benefits | 405 |
| Typical Applications | 405 |
| Application Hints | 405 |
| Heater Part Numbers | 406 |
| Silicone Rubber Heaters | 407 |
| Performance Capabilities | 407 |
| Features and Benefits | 407 |
| Typical Applications | 407 |
| Options-Aluminum Mounting Plates | 408 |
| Thermostats | 408 |
| Technical Data-Determining Minimum Wattage Requirements | 409 |
| FLUENT In-line Heaters | 410 |
| For detailed product info. | 410 |
| High-Temperature Heaters | 411 |
| Extended Capabilities for MULTICELL Heaters | 413 |
| Performance Capabilities | 413 |
| Features and Benefits | 413 |
| Typical Applications | 413 |
| Definition of Terms | 414 |
| MULTICELL Heaters: The High Temperature Choice | 414 |
| Physical Design Parameters | 415 |
| Tab Styles | 416 |
| Ring Styles | 416 |
| Termination Standards | 417 |
| Potting Sleeves | 417 |
| Potting Cups | 417 |
| Ceramic Wedge with 10-32 Threaded Terminals | 417 |
| Termination Assemblies | 418 |
| Options-Plug and Socket and Twist Lock Plug Variations | 418 |
| Extended Capabilities for High-Temperature (HT) FIREROD® Heaters | 419 |
| For detailed product info. | 419 |
| High-Temperature Tubular Heaters | 420 |
| For detailed product info. | 420 |
| Ceramic Fiber Heaters | 421 |
| Performance Capabilities | 421 |
| Features and Benefits | 421 |
| Typical Applications | 421 |
| Options | 422 |
| Embedded Sinuated Elements | 422 |
| Exposed Sinuated Elements | 422 |
| Applications | 423 |
| Performance Data | 424 |
| Performance Capabilities | 424 |
| Small, Full Cylinder, Heated Chambers | 425 |
| Power Requirements | 425 |
| Medium Sized, Insulated Closed Chambers | 426 |
| Power Requirements | 426 |
| Insulation Effectiveness | 427 |
| Heat Loss and Energy Transfer | 427 |
| Emissivity of Heater Surface | 427 |
| Termination Options | 428 |
| Strip Leads | 428 |
| Flat Units | 428 |
| Semi-Cylindrical Units | 428 |
| Special Lead Orientation | 429 |
| Accessories | 429 |
| Rigidizer | 429 |
| B.T.E. Closed-End Thermocouple Tubes | 429 |
| Black Surface Coat | 429 |
| Ceramic Tubes | 429 |
| Dry Heating Surface Mix | 430 |
| Patch Kit | 430 |
| Ceramic Fiber Insulation Blanket | 430 |
| Powered Ceramic Fiber | 430 |
| High Temperature Coating and Electrical Potting Cement | 430 |
| Strip Lead Porcelain Bushings | 430 |
| Mounting Methods | 431 |
| Full Cylinder Heaters | 431 |
| Semi-Cylindrical Heaters | 431 |
| Arc-Section Arrays of Heaters | 431 |
| Flat Panels, with One Panel on Each Side | 431 |
| Flat Wall Array with Minimum Two-byTwo Units per Wall | 431 |
| Made-to-Order Molded Shapes | 431 |
| Molded Ceramic Fiber Insulation Modules | 432 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 432 |
| Ordering Information—VN - No-Heat Panels | 433 |
| Modifications | 434 |
| Full Cylinder Units | 435 |
| Ordering Information—VC-Full Cylindrical | 436 |
| Flat Units - Embedded Coiled Elements | 437 |
| Semi-Cylinderical Units - Embedded Coiled Elements Elements | 438 |
| Flat Units - High Watt Density Sinuated Elements | 440 |
| Semi-Cylindrical Units - High Watt Density Sinuated Elements | 441 |
| Ordering Information—VF-Flat and VS-Semi-Cylindrical | 443 |
| Made-to-Order Units | 444 |
| Specialty Heaters | 445 |
| FLUENT In-line Heaters | 447 |
| Features and Benefits | 447 |
| Typical Applications | 447 |
| Technical Information | 448 |
| Specifications | 448 |
| Application Orientation | 448 |
| Inlet/Outlet Fitting Options | 448 |
| Standard Construction | 448 |
| Standard Product Offering: Base Heaters | 449 |
| Pressure Drop - Air - With Internal Baffle @ 250 Degree C | 449 |
| Pressure Drop - Water - With Internal Baffle | 450 |
| Pressure Drop - Water - Without Internal Baffle | 450 |
| Ultramic® Advanced Ceramic Heaters | 451 |
| Performance Capabilities | 451 |
| Features and Benefits | 451 |
| Typical Applications | 451 |
| Technical Data | 452 |
| Extended Capabilities for ULTRAMIC Advanced Ceramic Heaters | 453 |
| Mounting Guidelines | 453 |
| Optional Sensors | 453 |
| Configurations and Dimensions | 453 |
| Product Ordering Information | 454 |
| Coil/Cable Heaters | 455 |
| Performance Capabilities | 455 |
| Features and Benefits | 455 |
| Typical Applications | 456 |
| Electrical Data and Coiling LImits | 456 |
| Coiling Tolerances | 456 |
| Cable Straight Length Tolerances | 456 |
| Formation Options | 457 |
| Coil Heaters | 457 |
| Flat Spiral | 457 |
| Star Wound | 458 |
| Internal Construction | 458 |
| Sheath with Coiled Internal Resistance Wire | 458 |
| Sheath with Straight (Uncoiled) Resistance Wire | 458 |
| Disk End of Sheath | 459 |
| Thermocouples | 459 |
| Adapters | 460 |
| External Construction | 460 |
| Cable Heater Units (Internal T/C not available) | 461 |
| Cable Heater Units (Type J internal T/C) | 462 |
| Strip/Clamp-On Heaters | 464 |
| Mineral Insulated (MI) Strip Heaters | 466 |
| Performance Capabilities | 466 |
| Features and Benefits | 466 |
| Typical Applications | 466 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 467 |
| Calculating Watt Density | 467 |
| Specifications | 468 |
| Options | 469 |
| Thermocouple Pocket | 469 |
| Accessories | 469 |
| Ceramic Terminal Covers | 469 |
| Parallel Terminals Part Numbers | 469 |
| 375 High-Temperature Strip Heaters | 470 |
| Performance Capabilities | 470 |
| Features and Benefits | 470 |
| Typical Applications | 470 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 471 |
| Calculating Watt Density | 471 |
| Formulas | 471 |
| Termination Options | 472 |
| Offset Terminals | 472 |
| One-on-One Terminals | 472 |
| Parallel Terminals | 472 |
| In-Line Terminals | 472 |
| Metallic Terminal Boxes - Variations | 473 |
| Accessories | 473 |
| Ceramic Terminal Covers | 473 |
| Secondary Insulation Bushings | 473 |
| Heater Part Numbers | 474 |
| FIREBAR® Clamp-On Heaters | 477 |
| See detailed product info. | 477 |
| Band/Barrel Heaters | 480 |
| Mineral Insulated (MI) Band Heaters | 482 |
| Performance Capabilities | 482 |
| Features and Benefits | 482 |
| Typical Applications | 482 |
| Applications and Technical Data | 483 |
| Physical Limitations of Variations | 483 |
| General Limitations | 483 |
| Gaps | 483 |
| Calculating Watt Density | 484 |
| Maximum Allowable Watt Density | 484 |
| MI Band Clamping Matrix Application Guide | 485 |
| Termination Variations | 486 |
| Post Terminals | 486 |
| Lead Wires | 486 |
| Type B and C | 486 |
| Type C, E, F and H | 487 |
| Type K and SLE | 488 |
| Variations | 488 |
| Thermocouple | 488 |
| Heavy Duty Strain Relief | 488 |
| Expandable Heaters with Post Terminals or Leads | 489 |
| Metallic Terminal Box | 489 |
| Ceramic Terminal Cover | 489 |
| Clamping Variations | 490 |
| Tig-Welded Barrel Nuts with Spring Loaded Clamping | 490 |
| Tig-Welded Barrel Nuts | 490 |
| Low-Profile Tig-Welded Barrel Nuts | 490 |
| Low-Profile Clamp Bars | 490 |
| Options | 490 |
| Thermocouple Pocket | 490 |
| Heater Part Numbers | 491 |
| Nozzle Heaters | 494 |
| Mineral Insulated (MI) Nozzle Heaters | 496 |
| For detailed product info. | 496 |
| Heater Part Numbers | 497 |
| Radiant Heaters | 498 |
| RAYMAX Panel Heaters | 500 |
| Performance Capabilities | 500 |
| Features and Benefits | 500 |
| Typical Applications | 500 |
| RAYMAX 1220 and 2030 | 502 |
| Performance Capabilities | 502 |
| Options | 502 |
| Features and Benefits | 502 |
| Specifications | 502 |
| Typical Applications | 502 |
| Application Hints | 502 |
| Ceramic Fiber with Foil Element Part Numbers | 503 |
| Ceramic Fiber with Sinuated Element Part Numbers | 503 |
| Ordering Information | 504 |
| Mounting Accessories | 505 |
| Mounting Studs | 505 |
| Mounting Legs | 505 |
| Terminal Accessories | 505 |
| Thermocouple Clamps | 505 |
| Extended Capabilities for RAYMAX Panel Heaters | 506 |
| Zoning | 506 |
| Wiring Raceway | 506 |
| Thermostats and Accessories | 508 |
| ST10 and ST207 | 510 |
| Pre-Set Thermostats | 510 |
| Separate Heater Accessories Available Pre-Set Thermostats Separate From H eater | 511 |
| Ordering Information | 512 |
| Bulb and Capillary | 513 |
| Remote Mount Thermostat Assemblies | 513 |
| Warning | 513 |
| Technical Information | 514 |
| Application Hints | 514 |
| Interconnected Wiring | 514 |
| Pilot Duty Wiring | 514 |
| Thermostats with Enclosures | 515 |
| Thermostats | 516 |
| Ordering Information | 517 |
| Protective Wells | 518 |
| Reference Data | 520 |
| Power Calculations (Imperial Unit) | 522 |
| Calculations for Required Heat Energy | 522 |
| Short Method | 522 |
| Conduction and Convection Heating | 523 |
| Absorbed Energy, Heat Required to Raise the Temperature of a Material | 523 |
| Heat Required to Melt or Vaporize a Material | 523 |
| Conduction Heat Losses | 524 |
| Radiation Heat Losses | 524 |
| Convection Heat Losses | 524 |
| Combined Convection and Radiation Heat Losses | 524 |
| Total Heat Losses | 525 |
| Start-Up and Operating Power Required | 525 |
| Radiant Heating | 526 |
| Power Evaluation | 527 |
| Heat Loss Curves | 528 |
| Equations (Imperial Unit) | 531 |
| Ohms Law | 531 |
| Typical 3-Phase Wiring Diagrams and Equations for Resistive Heaters | 532 |
| Wattage Requirements (Imperial Unit) | 533 |
| For Steel | 533 |
| For Oil | 533 |
| For Heating Water in Tanks | 533 |
| For Compressed Air | 533 |
| For Heating Flowing Water | 533 |
| For Air | 533 |
| Kilowatt-Hours to Superheat Steam | 534 |
| Power Calculations (SI Unit) | 535 |
| Calculations for Required Heat Energy | 535 |
| Short Method | 535 |
| Conduction and Convection Heating | 536 |
| Absorbed Energy, Heat Required to Raise the Temperature of a Material | 536 |
| Heat Required to Melt or Vaporize a Material | 536 |
| Conduction Heat Losses | 537 |
| Radiation Heat Losses | 537 |
| Convection Heat Losses | 537 |
| Combined Convection and Radiation Heat Losses | 537 |
| Total Heat Losses | 538 |
| Start-Up and Operating Power Required | 538 |
| Radiant Heating | 539 |
| Power Evaluation | 540 |
| Heat Loss Curves | 541 |
| Equations (SI Unit) | 543 |
| Ohm's Law | 543 |
| Typical 3-Phase Wiring Diagrams and Equations for Resistive Heaters | 544 |
| Wattage Requirements (SI Unit) | 545 |
| For Steel | 545 |
| For Oil | 545 |
| For Heating Water in Tanks | 545 |
| For Heating Flowing Water | 545 |
| For Air | 545 |
| For Compressed Air | 545 |
| Kilowatt-Hours to Superheat Steam | 546 |
| Tubular Elements and Assembly Selection Guide | 547 |
| Performance Capabilities | 547 |
| Features and Benefits | 547 |
| Typical Applications | 547 |
| Element and Assembly Selection Guide | 548 |
| Supplemental Applications Chart | 549 |
| Free Cross Sectional Area of WATROD and FIREBAR Circulation Heaters | 553 |
| Heat Transfer Oil Chart | 554 |
| Agency Certifications, Recognition and Approvals | 556 |
| WATROD and FIREBAR Element Assemblies | 558 |
| Agency Recognition | 558 |
| UL Recognition and Listing | 558 |
| CSA Certification | 560 |
| WATROD Element Assemblies | 561 |
| Index | 562 |
| Product Category Index | 564 |
| Part Number Index | 565 |
| Terms and Conditions of Sale | 567 |